P-47 THUNDERBOLT PILOT

391st FIGHTER SQUADRON / 366th FIGHTER GROUP

USAAF

 

 

Philip Karas was born on Nov. 11, 1917, in Milwaukee. He was the son of Andrew Konstantinos Karagiannis (1884-) who changed his name to Karas after he arrived in the United States, and the Irish parentage Margaret Teresa Kelliher (1890-1939). Philip was the third child of the couple. The older was his sister Eugenia, followed by Gustav, Philip himself, and later Arthur and John. Eugenia later served as a nurse in ETO during WW2 and used the original Karagiannis (or Karagianes) name instead of the shorter Karas. Philip joined the Army Air Force on August 19, 1942, and graduated on May 12, 1943 (Class 43-K) at Eagle Pass Army Air Field in Texas, as a 2nd Lt and was appointed for fighter training. While he had his operational training on P-47 Thunderbolts with the 72nd Fighter Wing in Harding Field on March 2, 1944, he returned to his base with his P-47D-20RA 43-25367, running out of gas. According to his statement:
 
"I was following Lt. Mani around this airport but was too close to him to land when he entered his approach for, I did not think the field was such to allow two of us to land so close together. So, I proceed to circle the field to come in. I started to climb and gained an altitude of 500’ when my engine quit because I ran out of gas, so I had no alternative but to use the East-West runway much shorter than the North-South runway. I was gliding at a speed of 125mph. The time was 1930 CWT, and it was getting dark. I kept trying slowly decrease my speed slowly. My wheels touched the ground at about the end of the first third of the runway. The trees at the beginning of the runway made me bring it in quite high and the visibility wasn’t too good for it was getting dark. I applied my brakes; they did not seem to be helping me at all for the grass was wet. Seeing I was going to hit the fence I raised my flap handle and held the stick back with both hands. But I was not quite soon enough in raising the flap handle. I went through the fence and came to a stop in a plowed field. Then I shut off my engine and climbed out of the plane to check the damage which was both flaps. The right one had a hole in it where a pole went through, and the left one was bent. Also, the shields on the wheels were out where the wire in the fence hit, also the right stabilizer and elevator were torn from the same pole that tore the right flap. The tail wheel seems to be sprung. I’m not for sure. To my knowledge that is all the damage."

Although the accident was deemed to be entirely the responsibility of the Greek-American pilot, as stated in the accident report, his composure and flying skills prevented additional damage or loss of life. It was recommended that further instruction be provided to all trainee pilots on fuel management, a critical task in both peace and wartime conditions. Following his training, he was assigned to the 391st Fighter Squadron, 366th Fighter Group, where he flew ground-attack missions in the European Theater of Operations (ETO). Philip, known as "Nick" to his squadron mates, flew his first mission in the final days of May, conducting dive-bombing sorties against bridges and rail yards in preparation for Operation Overlord, the Allied invasion of Normandy, France. On D-Day, he participated in a dive-bombing mission targeting a railroad bridge in Conflans, flying an A8-R Thunderbolt. By July 13, he had completed 22 fighter sorties, 20 fighter-bomber sorties, and approximately 15 additional missions over Europe. On July 26, 1944, Blue Flight of the 391st Fighter Squadron, composed of Captain McGuire and Lieutenants Karas, Stachler, and Ozment, dropped eight bombs on a German Tiger tank. Although the tank continued moving, it sustained significant damage, with its gun turret rendered inoperative. The Thunderbolt pilots then spotted and strafed a Volkswagen. On November 5, 1944, the forward controller directed the squadron to conduct a strafing sweep over eight villages suspected of housing enemy troops and fortified structures (machine gun nests, anti-tank positions, and command bunkers). During this operation, Lieutenant Karas destroyed two motorized transports (M/Ts) and five horse-drawn wagons. On November 27, 1944, six Thunderbolts from the 391st Squadron, guided by EBTIDE ABLE, were ordered to strike enemy mechanized units. Yellow Flight, led by Lieutenant Karas, attacked the area near Gershoff, successfully targeting a medium tank, a bus, and a truck. On the last day of 1944, at 1006 hours, a flight from the 389th Fighter Squadron joined forces with one from the 391st Squadron in response to SWEEPSTAKES’s orders to strike Neureuth and Reuth, Germany. Their objective was to disrupt the logistics network transporting reinforcements and supplies to the combat front. Lieutenant Karas led the 391st Flight in dive-bombing Reuth, a strategic point on the route to St. Vith, north of Prum. During the raid, the Thunderbolts destroyed roads, buildings, and equipment. As they were leaving the area, they encountered RAF Spitfires, which disengaged after identifying the American planes. No shots were exchanged. Three days later, on January 3, 1945, during a forty-minute mission over the battle zone, POODLE 3 directed the 391st Flight to several critical targets. They caught five Royal Tiger tanks in the open moving south toward Houffalize; four of these were immobilized with 500-pound general-purpose (GP) bombs. Near Lierneux, they destroyed four Panther tanks. Along the road to Regen, Lieutenants Karas and Hunt used their bombs to eliminate two half-tracks, a Panther tank, and one motorized transport. It was during the mission on January 5, 1945, that Lieutenant Karas was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC). According to the citation:

"Displaying outstanding aerial proficiency and tactical skill, Lt. Karas aggressively and vigorously led his flight accurately to dive bomb an enemy armored concentration which was thwarting the advance of an American column. Despite adverse weather conditions and intense anti-aircraft fire, Lt. Karas made repeated strafing attacks to destroy the enemy armor. His high sense of responsibility, leadership, and devotion to duty on this occasion reflect great credit upon himself and the Army Air Forces".

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Philip Karas proudly standing on the wing of his personal P-47D Thunderbot 42-27369 named as "TOULA THE DOUCHESS" after his also Greek American wife, Toula Blanas. (366th Fighter Group Asscosiation via Stan Anderson).
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Ο Philip Karas and his ground crew in front of his P-47D "TOULA THE DUCHESS" for a official squadron publicity photo. These mechanics, technicians, armorers, and support staff worked around the clock, often under harsh weather and combat conditions, to maintain, repair, and arm the planes. They faced enormous pressure to prepare damaged or malfunctioning aircraft to fly again, knowing that delays could impact critical missions. Their expertise and dedication were vital to maintaining the strength and effectiveness of the air fleets, making them indispensable to the success of air operations and, ultimately, the war effort in Europe. (366th Fighter Group Asscosiation via Stan Anderson)
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"Toula" waits armed for another mission. The 42-27369 was lost on December 24, 1944 with Lt., McKinley at its control. According to the statemeit of 1st Lt. Abner H. Rainbow concerning the P-47 loss: "After making pass launching rockets I pulled up sharply and saw Lt., McKinley completing his pass and as he started to pull up his plane, from the size of the cockpit back, was oft fire. The plane rolled on its back momentarily and for the time the fire went out. As soon as the plane righted the fire continued when last seen disappearing under my wing he was heading downwards toward a stretch of woods." (366th Fighter Group Asscosiation via Stan Anderson)
P-47D 42-27369 A8-W named "TOULA THE DOUCHESS" after his wife Toula Blanas and was Karas personal fighter. It has the distinctive black-and-white "invasion stripes" on the fuselage, which were applied to Allied aircraft in preparation for D-Day on June 6, 1944. These stripes helped prevent friendly fire incidents by making the aircraft easily identifiable to ground forces. The 391st Fighter Squadron was part of the U.S. Army Air Forces during World War II, initially activated in 1943 as part of the 366th Fighter Group. Known as the "Bold Tigers," the squadron flew the Republic P-47 Thunderbolt, a robust fighter-bomber ideal for both air-to-air combat and ground attack missions. Stationed in England by early 1944, the 391st supported the Allied advance in Europe following D-Day, performing vital close air support, armed reconnaissance, and interdiction missions. The squadron played a key role in disrupting German supply lines, striking transportation hubs, enemy troop concentrations, and infrastructure across France, the Low Countries, and Germany. These missions were critical in supporting ground forces, especially as they advanced toward Germany. The 391st earned numerous awards for its effectiveness, including a Distinguished Unit Citation for its aggressive and impactful combat operations during the Battle of the Bulge in late 1944 and early 1945. The 391st Fighter Squadron's contributions significantly weakened German military capabilities, aiding the broader Allied victory in Europe. Today, the squadron's legacy continues, with its modern incarnation based in the U.S. flying the mighty F-15E Strike Eagle.(Profile by Bertrand Brown)

 The fight continued on January 7 as enemy vehicles began to congest the roads, moving eastward or, in some cases, southward from St. Vith in a desperate retreat. MARMITE informed Lt. P. Karas of a newly revealed concentration of nearly 200 mixed vehicles, exposed as the cloud cover lifted. The flight encountered several clusters of about eight motorized transports (M/Ts) moving eastward in the open, with each group spaced apart. The absence of flak positions allowed Brinson's "Buzzin' Bastards" to make repeated passes, resulting in a tally of 25 destroyed M/Ts, 25 damaged, and three immobilized Panther tanks. On January 22, 1945, the "Hun Hunters" were tasked with providing air support for the 7th Armored Division, centered around St. Vith as the main area of air activity, as GIs continued their push to reclaim this strategic point. They were given top priority in terms of "time over target" for each mission, depending on the operational urgency and visibility conditions. Orders specified that a flight from the 366th would (a) take off every 20 to 30 minutes, and (b) ensure that at least one flight was present over the combat zone during active hours. Their primary targets remained the enemy’s transportation network. BURDOCK, the Y-29 Air Traffic Control codename, ordered the Alert Flight to patrol the base airspace to intercept any surprise Luftwaffe attempts to strike a flight during its vulnerable takeoff phase. Each aircraft was equipped with a 260-pound fragmentation bomb on the belly shackle. Due to poor visibility in WETRAG's sector, MARMITE took control, directing the flight to several small groups of M/Ts parked along a roadside. Their bombing and strafing runs destroyed twelve of these vehicles. At a second location north of St. Vith, they discovered a small convoy of troops moving northeast along a narrow back road, attacking with 500-pound general-purpose (GP) bombs. The following day, the squadron bombed eleven railcars, destroying five. En route to intercept a westbound train from Birgel, Lt. Karas directed Red 2 to attack a single M/T speeding east, successfully striking and setting it ablaze. Lt. J. Simpson then resumed his position as wingman to the lead. The squadron located the target train, consisting of ten cars, and strafed it along its length, severely damaging the locomotive and all railcars. A persistent flak position was obliterated with fragmentation bombs and strafing fire. However, the best account of the Greek American pilot during WW2 was given by Martin R. Engler Jr. in his book “FOXHOUND 24” where he devoted a small chapter to him, entitled "Squadron Checkout".
 
"When you were first assigned to a new squadron it was standard practice that you get a "check out” by your new flight leader. My new flight leader was a chap named Phil Karas. Phil was a swarthy-looking officer of Greek extraction, and I thought he looked a lot like a Chicago gangster. This reaction was prompted a bit by the fact that Phil was the only pilot in the squadron who wore a .38-caliber pistol in a shoulder holster - all the rest of us carried a Colt .45 on our hips. My best friend, Hilmer G. Erickson, and I were both assigned to "B Flight" so Phil called us together and briefed our upcoming flight. He said he would lead the flight, and his good friend Bill Johnson would be the element leader. He said they would want to fly some close formation and combat formation work and then we would do some acrobatics and a little tail chasing. That all sounded good to us. Both Eric and I were eager to show our new flight leader just how good we were. Now you want to understand that there is nothing "hotter" in the Air Corps than a new second lieutenant with about 225 hours of flight time. This promised to be a piece of cake, and we were eager to get going. We all taxied out to the end of the runway, pulled into position, and took off. We immediately “joined up" into a close formation group that looked pretty good. Phil was a very smooth pilot and flying in his formation was a treat. We flew around for a while doing turns and dives and pull-ups and all the simple stuff until Phil and Bill were satisfied, we could at least stay in formation and would probably not get lost on our first mission. Then Phil opened the formation to a combat configuration and here the maneuvers were a lot more severe and staying in position with frequent "crossovers" became more of a challenge. Then Phil had us get in a trail configuration and he led us through a bunch of rolls and dives and loops. These were all a lot of fun and Eric and I were doing a pretty good job of staying with the "experienced hands." Then I think Phil realized that he was flying with a couple of guys who could at least stay with them in normal maneuvers, so he decided to give us the "treatment." He called on the radio and said that he and Bill would form up and be one element and that Eric and I should do the same. Then we would simulate some aerial combat against them. That sounded like fun, and we were ready. We flew out some distance, turned around, and came back at each other head-on. As we passed, the battle was on! Well, let me tell you something - the two "hot rock" second lieutenants hardly got their airplanes turned around to "attack" before the other team came over the radio with a “rat-a-tat-tat” You're dead! Phil and Bill were sitting on our tails looking at us through their gun sights. We tried this exercise several more times with the same results. At about this point in time, if you had any brains at all, you began to realize that there might be a few things more to learn about flying the P-47 in a combat situation with real combat pilots. The next thing Phil did was have us join up and make a simulated strafing run. Phil picked out a target and went down on it with all of us following close behind. Just as he passed the target, he proceeded to do about four rolls right on the deck - Bill Johnson followed suit and did four rolls right on the deck. That clinched it for me these guys knew how to fly, and I had a lot more to learn. On my first combat mission, I flew the squadron commander's wing, which was tradition, but thereafter for the next few missions I flew on Phil's wing. I remember on my first mission with him we were in heavy flak, and he was taking evasive action I pulled in behind him at one point and he yelled at me not to get behind him. Since he was turning all over the sky, I had to cut him off to stay in the formation. My feelings were hurt by being yelled at. When we got back on the ground Phil took me aside and said, "Don't ever fly directly behind me—those damn Germans will be shooting at me but since they never give enough lead on their targets, if you are behind me, you will pick up the flak meant for me." I didn't get behind anyone thereafter."

During the war, he married his sweetheart, fellow Greek American Toula Blanas, whose name he used as the nose art on his P-47 Thunderbolt while flying over the European Theater of Operations (ETO) in World War II. They were blessed with two children, a son, Andrew, and a daughter, Maureen Karas. By the end of the war, he had flown nearly 75 missions and earned a Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC) and an Air Medal with 16 Oak Leaf Clusters. After the war, he continued serving in various units of the United States Air Force (USAF), surviving a close brush with death following an accident involving an F-84E Thunderjet. This was the third accident in his career; he had previously experienced a minor incident while piloting a B-24 after returning to the States. His distinguished career continued as he served as Chief of Air Defense for NATO in Izmir, Turkey, during the Cuban Missile Crisis. Later, he was Chief of Air Safety at Tan Son Nhut Air Base in Vietnam. He concluded his career with a diplomatic post in Athens as the Air Force Chief for the Joint United States Military Aid Group to Greece (JUSSMAG), a role later filled by the renowned Greek American ace, Steve Pisanos. Following his retirement, he worked as a training officer for a major banking institution in Las Vegas, Nevada. Phil Karas passed away on December 31, 2004, at the age of 87, and was laid to rest with full military honors at Jefferson Barracks National Cemetery. A proud American, he served his country through challenging times, never forgetting his heritage and always working to support Greece and its armed forces, especially as commander of JUSMAG Greece.

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Philip Karas with his sister Eugenia in Europe. Eugenia served as a nurse in the army during WW2. (366th Fighter Group Asscosiation via Stan Anderson)
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Late 60s, during a visit of a USAFE F-105 Thunderchief in 114th Combat Wing at Tanagra Air Base in Greece. In the last two Phillip Karas is seen along with 114th CW Commander, Diogenes Harlaftis. During that time Karas was JUSMAG Greece Commander. (Kiriakos Palulian Archive)
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EPSON scanner image

SOURCES

 

1. 391st Fighter Squadron WW2 Diary

2. 366th Fighter Group WW2 Diary

3. Accident Report 1 (44-2-29-25/ 24-03-1944)

4. Accident Report 2

5. Accident Report 3

6. The war we fought, 366th Fighter Group Asscosiation Publication

7.  Foxhunt 24,  Marty Engler, Authorshouse November 6, 2007, ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-1434328946

8. www.fold3.com

9. www.find-a-grave.com

 

We would like to thank Stan Anderson for his help, providing us photos from the 366th Fighter Group Asscosiation as well as narratives from Phil Karas service.